Uterus transplantation is an emerging technology adding to the arsenal of treatments for infertility; specifically the only available treatment for uterine factor infertility. Ethical investigations concerning risks to uteri donors and transplant recipients have been discussed in the literature. However, missing from the discourse is the potential of uterus transplantation in other groups of genetically XY women who experience uterine factor infertility. There have been philosophical inquiries concerning uterus transplantation in genetically XY women, which includes transgender women and women with (...) complete androgen insufficiency syndrome. We discuss the potential medical steps necessary and associated risks for uterus transplantation in genetically XY women. Presently, the medical technology does not exist to make uterus transplantation a safe and effective option for genetically XY women, however this group should not be summarily excluded from participation in trials. Laboratory research is needed to better understand and reduce medical risk and widen the field to all women who face uterine factor infertility. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Shaping Public Theology: Selections from the Writings of Max L. Stackhouse ed. by Scott R. Paeth, E. Harold Breitenberg Jr., and Hak Joon LeeKara N. SladeShaping Public Theology: Selections from the Writings of Max L. Stackhouse Edited by Scott R. Paeth, E. Harold Breitenberg Jr., and Hak Joon Lee grand rapids, mi: eerdmans, 2014. 392 pp. $40.00Shaping Public Theology is the second major collection of essays focused on (...) the work of Max Stackhouse to appear since his retirement from Princeton Theological Seminary, where he served as the Rimmer and Ruth de Vries Professor of Reformed Theology and Public Life. The first, Public Theology for a Global Society, was a Festschrift composed of short pieces by his former students and colleagues, edited by Deirdre King Hainsworth and Scott R. Paeth. Shaping Public Theology, which is also edited by Paeth along with E. Harold Breitenberg Jr. and Hak Joon Lee, is a helpfully representative compilation of Stack-house’s own writing across the span of his long and prolific career. As such, it demonstrates both the generous aspirations and the significant limitations of “public theology” as Stackhouse envisioned it, as a theologically informed discourse that should be equally accessible to Christians, people of other faiths, and people of no faith or religious background. [End Page 213]The first of the book’s three sections, “Interpreting the Tradition of Public Theology,” places Stackhouse in conversation with other figures in Christian theology and ethics, both past and present. These essays locate him firmly within the strand of Christian thought inhabited by Ernst Troeltsch, Walter Rauschenbusch, and Paul Tillich, and they also reflect his significant and ongoing disagreements with some of his contemporaries, including Alasdair MacIntyre and Stanley Hauerwas. The second section, “Developing a Method for Public Theology,” provides a useful summary of Stackhouse’s distinctive theological method, defining public theology and its relationship to individuals, communities, institutions, and states. The third and final section, “Constructing a Global Public Theology,” turns to one of the major focal points of Stackhouse’s work, examining the role of public theology in the context of globalization. The text concludes with a brief summary contributed by the editors, a response from Stackhouse describing both how his thought has changed over the years and the gaps that he perceives in his work, and a comprehensive bibliography.As a collection, Shaping Public Theology provides the reader with a broad overview of the predominant themes in Stackhouse’s work. The essays demonstrate his abiding concern for an apologetic and universal framework for Christian ethics as well as his emphasis on the covenantal basis for that framework. Stackhouse’s affinity for both the Reformed tradition and the ideals of the Social Gospel movement are also evident throughout the text. In addition many of the essays reflect his ongoing engagement with the theme of “the global” and with globalization not only as a locus of critique but also as the vehicle for “the prospect of a world-comprehending culture, with a new recognition of certain common moral standards” (162).Whether these ideas are theologically helpful, however, is a matter of long-standing disagreement that will not be resolved in the limited space of this review. By treating the covenant between the Triune God and Israel as merely one instance of a “universal moral law,” and by moving from that particular to the universal through the doctrine of the Trinity, Stackhouse participates in a significant—and significantly problematic—strain of thought within the Christian imaginary (67). While he may reject the particularity espoused by George Lindbeck, Hauerwas, et al., he remains grounded within his own particularity with its own decidedly fraught history: that of the modern, progressive, Western civilizing project. As a work of moral theology, this text does have significant limitations. However, as a document of the history of Christian ethics of the twentieth century, Shaping Public Theology is a useful addition to the literature, both for research and for teaching purposes. [End Page 214]Kara N. SladeDuke UniversityCopyright © 2015 Society of Christian Ethics... (shrink)

Albert Einstein's Quest as a Scientist and as a Jew to Replace a Forsaken God.

Śaṅkarācārya's commentary with supercommentary on Catuḥsūtra of Brahmasūtra.

V. 1, Catuḥsūtryantapūrṇānandīyavyākhyāsaṃhitayā Śrīgovindānandapraṇītayā Ratnaprabhayā samanvitam; v. 2, Śrīgovindānandapraṇītayā Ratnaprabhayā samanvitam.

It is said there are only two things in life that are certain: death and taxes … maybe only taxes.

Ancient work with Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries on Self-realization and Advaita philosophy.

Bu makale, Kur’an’ın ezeli olup olmadığı bağlamında sebeb-i nüzûl ilminin değerlendirilmesini konu edinmektedir. Çalışmada ayetlerin şekillenmesi noktasında sebeb-i nüzûl ilmine biçilen rolün, modern dönem düşünürlerinin Kur’an tasavvurlarına göre nasıl farklılaştığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çağdaş müelliflerden ezeli Kur’an tasavvurunu kabul etmeyenlere göre sebeb-i nüzûl terkibinde kullanılan sebep, şart anlamı ifade etmektedir ki, bu da, ayetin varlığının sebebe bağlı olması anlamına gelmektedir. Ezeli Kur’an tasavvuruna sahip olanlara göre ise sebep, vesile/bağıntı anlamında olduğundan sebep ile ayetin varlığı değil, sadece inişine vesile olunması kastedilmektedir. (...) Ayrıca Kur’an’ın ezeliliğini kabul edenlere göre Kur’an’ın vahyedilmeden önce tam ve nihai prototipi levh-i mahfûzda mevcut olduğundan, olay ile ayetin inişi ilahi irade tarafından bir denk düşürülme olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Diğer yandan bu tasavvura karşı çıkanlar, nüzul dönemindeki olaylar meydana gelmeden önce bunlardan bahseden ayetlerin varolmasının izah edilemeceğini düşünmektedir. Çünkü inişine sebep olan olaylardan önce ayetlerin varolduklarının kabulü, insan hürriyetini ortadan kaldırarak nüzul dönemini zorunlu tarihe dönüştürmektedir. (shrink)

In At the Roots of Causality, Francesco Omar Zamboni examines several doctrines related to Avicenna’s writings on existence, contingency, and causality, which generated debate in the two hundred ye...

This article examines the siginifcant role that Romeplayed in the life of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The author researches the “Roman” preferences of young Turgenev, who specialized in ancient literature and philosophy in Moscow, St. Petersburgand Berlin. Special attention is paid to the circumstances of 21-years-old Turgenev’s stay in the Eternal City in February–April 1840 and his relationship with members of Khovrins’ salon in Rome, espesially with the eldest daughter of Khovrin, Alexandra Nikolaevna, in marriage Bakhmeteva, whо became later a wellknown (...) writer on religious and philosophical topics. The author substantiates the version that it was young “Sashenka” Khovrina who became the prototype of Lisa Kalitina in the novel Home of the Gentry, started in Rome at the end of 1857. The author studies the “Italian traces” in the literary work of Turgenev: in early romantic poem Steno, poem Venus of Medicis, novel On the Eve, etc. The author notes that the “civilizational” contrasts between the “North” and the “South”, abundantly scattered in the works of young Turgenev, suggest that in his work has found a kind of continuation of the tradition of the “Russian Northernship,” deriving in Russian literature from G.R. Derzhavin, N.M. Karamzin, Prince P.A. Vyazemsky. (shrink)

Osmanlı’da Huzur Dersleri Ramazan ayında, padişahın riyasetinde belirli plan ve program çerçevesinde yapılan tefsir dersleridir. Bu dersler, III. Mustafa zamanında h. 1172/m. 1759 yılında resmiyet kazanmış ve hilafetin ilgasına kadar devam etmiştir. İslam ilim geleneğinde Huzur Dersleri; muhâkemât, muhâdarât ve mecâlîs gibi ilmi toplantılarla benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu dersler, ümera ile ulemanın ilmi meclislerde bir araya gelmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Dönemin önde gelen ilim adamları, mukarrir (dersi sunan) ve muhatap (müzakereci) olarak bu derslerde görev almıştır. Bu toplantılara padişahlar; dinleyici, müzakereci ve yönetici (...) olarak katılmıştır. Derslerin ana konusunu Kur’an âyetleri oluşturmaktadır. Derslerde takririn ardından müzakere heyeti, mukarrire sorular yönelterek soru-cevap usulüyle değerlendirmelerde bulunmuşlardır. Huzur Dersleri, Kur’an âyetlerinin yorumlanması ve müzakere edilmesi açısından tefsir ilminin bir konusudur. Bununla beraber Huzur Dersleri, tefsir ilminden başka; tarih, edebiyat ve din eğitimi gibi disiplinlere de konu edilmiştir. Alan yazındaki araştırmalar, Mardin’in Huzur Dersleri eseri bağlamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fakat, Mardin’in eserinde bazı mukarrirlerin sağlık, vefat ve sair gerekçelerle derslerini icra edemediği gibi bilgilerle takrir heyetinde yapılan değişikliklere işaret edilmediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple Huzur Dersleri, Mardin’in eserinin yanında; Meşihat-ı İslâmiye Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri, Devlet Arşivleri, ders davetiyeleri, dönemin gazete-dergileri ve sair evraklar dik-kate alınarak daha kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmalıdır. Çalışmada, bu kaynaklar incelenerek mukarrirlerin hangi padişah döneminde kaçıncı âyeti takrir ettiklerine dair veriler çok yönlü soruşturulmuş, ihtilaflı gözüken bilgiler elenmiştir. Takrir edilen âyet(ler)in tespit edilemediği Huzur Dersleri ise dikkate alınmamıştır. Araştırmada, Huzur Dersleri’nde; hangi padişah döneminde, kaçıncı âyetin, kim tarafından takrir edildiği incelenerek Huzur Dersleri kronolojisi oluşturulmuştur. (shrink)

Huzur dersleri, Osmanlıda padişah huzurunda ulemanın yaptığı müzakereli bir toplantıdır. Bu derslerin kapsam ve sistematiği ile ilgili kısa bir tanıtım yaptıktan sonra tarih boyunca bu derslere katılan Erzurumlu âlimleri tespit ettik. O kişinin bu derslere muhatap olarak katıldığını ortaya koyduk. Bunların biyografileri ve girdikleri derslerle ilgili ayrıntıları saptadık.

Bu makale, Râgıb el-Isfahânî’nin hayatı, kisiligi, mezhebî mensubiyeti ve çok yönlü bilimselligi konularını ihtiva eden birinci makalemizin mütemmimi olarak tasarlanmıstır. Burada öncelikle Râgıb el-Isfahânî’nin, yetkin oldugu bilimsel alanlar basta olmak üzere, yazma ve matbu eserleriyle tüm ilmî mirası tanıtılacaktır. "kinci olarak da bu eserler üzerinde yapılan -ulasabildigimiz- bütün çalısmalar ele alınacaktır. Maksadımız, bir taraftan Râgıb’ın ilmî mirasını yazmasıyla matbusuyla ortaya koymak; kendisine nispet edilen eserlerin ona ait olup olmadıgını tespite çalısmak; öte yandan da üzerine yapılan çalısmaları serdetmek suretiyle Râgıb’ın hak (...) ettigi ileri akademik ilgiyi artırmaktır. (shrink)

Curiosity motivates the search for missing information, driving learning, scientific discovery, and innovation. Yet, identifying that there is a gap in one's knowledge is itself a critical step, and may demand that one formulate a question to precisely express what is missing. Our work captures the integral role of self‐generated questions during the acquisition of new information, which we refer to as active‐curiosity‐driven learning. We tested active‐curiosity‐driven learning using our “Curiosity Question & Answer Task” paradigm, where participants (N=135) were asked (...) to generate questions in response to novel, incomplete factual statements and provided the opportunity to forage for answers. We also introduce new measures of question quality that express how well questions capture stimulus and foraging information. We hypothesized that active question asking should influence behavior across the stages of our task by increasing the probability that participants express curiosity, forage for answers, and remember what they had thereby discovered. We found that individuals who asked a high number of quality questions experienced elevated curiosity, were more likely to pursue missing information that was semantically related to their questions, and more likely to retain the information on a later cued recall test. Additional analyses revealed that curiosity played a predominant role in motivating participants to forage for missing information, and that both curiosity and satisfaction with the acquired information boosted memory recall. Overall, our results suggest that asking questions enhances the value of missing information, with important implications for learning and discovery of all forms. (shrink)

Norman Malcolm's recent argument against the conceivability of mechanism rests on the claim that purposive explanations of behavior – that is, explanations of behavior in terms of desires or intentions – are incompatible with neurophysiological explanations of behavior. I admit that intentions or desires can be causes of behavior only if they are necessary for behavior, and, generally, that events can be causes only if they are necessary for their effects (except in cases of over-determination). What I wish to deny (...) is the contention that if neurophysiological states are sufficient for behavior, then desires or intentions are not necessary for behavior. This latter contention seems to me the crux of Malcolm's argument for the incompatibility of mechanism and purpose; if this contention can be shown to be un acceptable, Malcolm's conclusion that mechanism and purpose are incompatible will remain without support. (shrink)

Hindsight bias – also known as the knew-it-all-along effect – is a ubiquitous judgment error affecting decision makers. Hindsight bias has been shown to vary across age groups and as a function of contextual factors, such as the decision maker’s emotional state. Despite theoretical reasons why emotions might have a stronger impact on hindsight bias in older than in younger adults, age differences in hindsight bias for emotional events remain relatively underexplored. We examined emotion and hindsight bias in younger and (...) older adults (N = 272) against the backdrop of the 2020 U.S. presidential election. Participants predicted electoral college votes for the two presidential candidates before the election and were asked to remember their predictions approximately three weeks later, after the election results had been finalised. Republicans, for whom the electoral outcome was negatively tinged, exhibited greater hindsight bias for President Biden’s result compared with Democrats, for whom the electoral outcome was positive. The asymmetry in hindsight bias between Republicans and Democrats was similar for younger and older participants. This study suggests that negative emotions may exacerbate hindsight bias, and that adult age differences in hindsight bias observed in laboratory settings may not translate to real-world contexts. (shrink)

Kur’ân meâllerinin çeviri tekniklerine uygun olarak hazırlanması, dil ve üslûbunun çağın diline uygun olması ve hitap ettiği kitleyi dikkate alması başarılı bir çeviri açısından önemlidir. Bundan daha önemlisi okurlara meâlin özellikleri hakkında teknik ve ön bilgiler sunan bir giriş kısmının hazırlanmasıdır. Çünkü bu konular mütercim tarafından meâlin bu kısmında ifade edilir. Ancak araştırmamız sonucunda meâllerin giriş kısımlarında belirtilen bu teorik bilgilerin muhtevası ve bunların ne ölçüde çeviriye yansıtıldığı konusunda bir çalışma yapılmadığını gördük. Bu makale, bazı meâllerden hareketle giriş kısımlarında zikredilen (...) konuları ve bunların ne ölçüde çeviride uygulandığını tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. (shrink)

Phenomenal experiences of immaterial spiritual beings—hearing the voice of God, seeing the spirit of an ancestor—are a valuable and largely untapped resource for the field of cognitive science. Such experiences, we argue, are experiences of the mind, tied to mental models and cognitive-epistemic attitudes about the mind, and thus provide a striking example of how, with the right combination of mental models and cognitive-epistemic attitudes, one's own thoughts and inner sensations can be experienced as coming from somewhere or someone else. (...) In this paper, we present results from a large-scale study of U.S. adults (N = 1779) that provides new support for our theory that spiritual experiences are facilitated by a dynamic interaction between mental models and cognitive-epistemic attitudes: A person is more likely to hear God speak if they have the epistemic flexibility and cultural support to shift, temporarily, away from a mundane model of mind into a more “porous” way of thinking and being. This, in turn, lays the foundation for a meditation on how mental models and cognitive-epistemic attitudes might also interact to facilitate other phenomena of interest to cognitive science, such as fiction writing and scientific discovery. (shrink)

Ensuring well-being ahead of positive psychology aims at the treatment of individuals with psychological problems. Positive psychology contributes to the improvement of traumatic processes. But there is more to the field of study of positive psychology than that. In studies in this field, it has become important for individuals to be empowered with their own internal resources and to feel good with their values. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between the concepts of psychological well-being and (...) consent. The main purpose of the concept of psychological well-being is to support the individual with its own values in a psychologically healthy life. These values strengthen individuals and contribute to mental health by helping regulate people's cognition, emotions and behaviours. Religion is full of values for a happy and peaceful life for the believers. Religious values have the potential to empower people, enhance their cognition, and provide psychological well-being. The concept of consent is contained many meanings such as; Accepting the result after making an effort to get what they want in life, being resilience against negative life events, being hopeful, being satisfied with the life he/she lives, to find inner peace, having good moral qualities and good morals. It has been determined that components such as acceptance of emotions arising from negative experiences, a meaningful life, life satisfaction, psychological resilience related to the concept of psychological well-being are included in the concept of consent among the religious concepts. In this paper, positive psychology and "consent", a religious concept, have been examined and suggested for positive psychology practices for individuals with faith in order to empower them with their own values. (shrink)

Critical study of Advaita Vedanta philosophy from the Vallabhācārya, 1479-1531? and Śaṅkarācārya's view point.

Classical commentary on four sutras of Brahmasūtra of Bādarāyaṇa by Śaṅkarācārya; includes Ratnaprabhā of Rāmānandasaravatī and sub-commentary of Pūrṇānanda.

1Neurology Department and Cyclotron Research Center, University of Lie`ge, Sart Tilman B30, 4000 Liege, Belgium 2Neurorehabilitation Medicine, Hoˆpital Caremeau, CHU Nıˆmes, 30029 Nıˆmes Cedex, France 3Department of Speech Therapy, Hospital Pitie´ Salpe´trie`re, Paris and French Association Locked in Syndrome (ALIS), 225 Bd Jean-Jaures, MBE 182, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France 4Neurosciences et Syste`mes Sensoriels Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 5020, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 – CNRS, 69007 Lyon, France 5Intensive Care Medicine, Hoˆpital Erasme, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 (...) Brussels, Belgium 6Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Clinic, CHU University Hospital, Sart Tilman B33, 4000 Liege, Belgium 7German Association Locked in Syndrome LIS e.V., Evangelischen Krankenhaus Ko¨ningin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbh (Lehrkrankenhaus der Charite´), Haus 30, Herzbergstrasse 79, 10365 Berlin, Germany 8Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Re´gional de la Citadelle, Boulevard du 12e de Ligne 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium 9Biomedical PET Unit, Hoˆpital Erasme, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.. (shrink)

We estimate that 208,000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. DBS Think Tank presenters pooled data and determined that DBS expanded in its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 providing a space where clinicians, engineers, researchers from industry and academia discuss current and emerging DBS technologies and logistical and ethical issues facing the field. (...) The emphasis is on cutting edge research and collaboration aimed to advance the DBS field. The Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank was held virtually on September 1 and 2, 2020 (Zoom Video Communications) due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting focused on advances in: (1) optogenetics as a tool for comprehending neurobiology of diseases and on optogenetically-inspired DBS, (2) cutting edge of emerging DBS technologies, (3) ethical issues affecting DBS research and access to care, (4) neuromodulatory approaches for depression, (5) advancing novel hardware, software and imaging methodologies, (6) use of neurophysiological signals in adaptive neurostimulation, and (7) use of more advanced technologies to improve DBS clinical outcomes. There were 178 attendees who participated in a DBS Think Tank survey, which revealed the expansion of DBS into several indications such as obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction and Alzheimer’s disease. This proceedings summarizes the advances discussed at the Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank. (shrink)

Hindu cosmology in Sankhya philosophy and Kashmir Saivism; a study.

Verse work, with commentary, on the Advaita school in Hindu philosophy.

Study on views of Rāmadāsa, 1608-1681, on philosophy and aesthetics of Hindustani classical music, expressed in Dāsabodha, Marathi verse work on Hindu religious life.

Substance of the Upanishads in verse; with Satprasava Sanskrit commentary and Hindi commentary.

Commentary with 11 supercommentaries, on Brahmasūtra of Bādarāyaṇa, work on Vedanta philosophy.